Combine Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer with Early-strength Component

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The roble had hit a record low after the West imposed sweeping sanctions on Russia for its aggression in Ukraine. Russia's president recently ordered exports of Russian gas to "unfriendly" countries to be settled in robles. The speaker of Russia's upper house of parliament said Moscow was prepared and could shift supplies to markets such as Asia if Europe refused to buy Russian energy.

European countries, which pay mostly in euros, say Russia has no right to reset contracts.  The G7 rejected Russia's demand and urged companies not to agree to pay in robles, saying most contracts stipulated payment in euros or dollars. Wholesale gas prices in Europe have risen further recently on concerns about potential supply disruptions.

The Kremlin spokesman said, "According to the March 31 deadline set by Russia's president, we are developing all payment methods to get a simple, understandable, and feasible system for relevant European and international buyers,"

The markets and prices of more commodities like the pce powder would be affected because of the volatile international political situations.

In order to overcome the technical defects in the application of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent, or to improve some or some properties of concrete (workability, slump retention, reduction of bleeding, improvement of early strength, low shrinkage, etc.), it is necessary to modify the concrete. 

In practice, the commonly used modification methods include synthetic technology and compound technology. Compared with the synthetic process, the compound method has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, so it is widely used in practical applications. Polycarboxylate series compound technology, is the Polycarboxylate series water-reducing agent and other components (such as slow coagulation, defoaming, air induction, early strength, and other components) according to a certain proportion of the combination compound, in order to achieve the coordination of the superposition of each component.

Compound Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer with Early-strength Component

With the wide application of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, the requirement of concrete early strength in practical engineering is more and more prominent, so the polycarboxylate superplasticizer has been the focus of research to meet the early strength performance of concrete. Early strength polycarboxylate water reducing agent can be made by compounding early strength agent and polycarboxylate water reducing agent. Commonly used early strength agent mainly includes strong electrolyte inorganic salt early strength agent (sulfate, sulfate double salt, nitrate, nitrite, chlorine salt, etc.) and water-soluble organic compound (triethanolamine, formate, acetate, etc.) and its complex. 

Through the study of MPEG Polycarboxylate superplasticizer and five kinds of early strength agent, it is found that the compatibility between sodium sulfate early strength agent and polycarboxylate superplasticizer is very poor and the early strength of cement decreases. The combination of calcium nitrate, sodium nitrite, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine with polycarboxylate significantly decreased the fluidity retention ability of net slurry, but all of them could improve the early strength of cement, but the effect was slightly different due to the type of early strength agent, among which triethanolamine had the most obvious enhancing effect. Zhao also found through the compound study of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent and early strength agent that the compound performance of NaCl, CaCl2, NaNO2, NaNO3 and other early strength agents and polycarboxylate was good. After adding a certain amount of early strength agent, the compound system had almost no adverse effect on the fluidity and plastic energy of fresh concrete, but all of them could significantly improve the strength of concrete at each age.  The mixture of Na2SO4 and Na2S2O3 reduces the fluidity and plasticity of concrete, but it also has a significant strengthening effect on concrete.

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